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Organic Farming is a cyclical, zero-waste practice, where waste materials produced from one process, are used as nutrients or raw materials for the other processes. This allows the maximum utilisation of the resources, increases the efficiency of production and reduces the cost. It is a method of farming system which primarily makes use of organic wastes (crop, animal and farm wastes, aquatic wastes) and other biological materials along with beneficial microbes (biofertilizers) to release nutrients to crops for increased sustainable production in an eco friendly pollution free environment.

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Water logging and salinity are the problems that  come up when the irrigation is done without proper drainage of water. Improper drainage leads to water logging in the soil. It affects the crops and draws salts to the surface of soil. The salt get deposited as thin crust on the soil surface or  starts collecting at the roots of plants. This salinity is harmful to growth of crops and proves damaging to the agriculture.

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Terror of Bengal is Eichhornia crassipes or Water hyacinth) is the world’s most problematic aquatic weed. These plants grow abundantly in eutrophic water bodies and leads to imbalance in the ecosystem dynamics of water body.

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Air pollution is enhancing the ill-effects of UV radiation. Chlorofluorocarbons released in the air by refrigerators and air-conditioners are threatening and depleting the ozone layer of stratosphere. They react with the UV radiations which leads to the release of chlorine from the CFCs . This Cl acts as a catalyst and depletes ozone.

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Biological oxygen demand (B.O.D.)  represents the amount of dissolved oxygen which is required for bacteria in decomposing the wastes. It is a measure of pollution of water. The BOD test helps to predict a drop in dissolved oxygen levels in natural wastes. Clean water has very low BOD value whereas organically rich water has very high BOD value.